Method and apparatus for treating gases



Feb. 25, 1930. A, :s Y METHOD AND APPARATU FOR TREATING GASES FiledJuly192s s Sheets-Sheet 1 MM BY z 7 A o RNEYS Feb. 25, 1930.

\A. G} MCKEE 1,748l723 METHOD AND-{APPARATUS FOfi TREATING GASES 5Shets-Sheet 2 Filed l, "1925' INVENTOR.

W 7. Mia

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Feb. 25, 1930; A, G, MC EE [1,743,723 I METH ND APPARATUS FOR TREATINGGASES Filed July 192s 1 5 sheets sneet 3 INVENTOR Fig.5

JK AMY Feb. 25, 1930. A. e. M KEE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATINGGASES Filed y 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Feb. 25, 1930. A. G. M KEE 1,748,723

METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR TREATING GASES Filed July 1, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet5 INVENTOR Ma/Lg. Y

ATT NEYS Patented Feb. 25, 1930 UNITED STATES ARTHUR G. MCKEE, OFCLEVELAND, OHIO METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING GASES Applicationfiled July 1,

' This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for treating gases,such for example as gases from blast furnaces.

One object of the invention is to devise new 5 and improved methods andapparatus for removing heat and foreign materials from gases efiicientlyand with the use of a relatively small amount of liquid as compared withthe liquid required by previous methods and ap- 1 paratus.

Another object is to construct apparatus for cleaning, scrubbing andcooling gases provided with spray devices so constructed and.

arranged that each device is readily acces- 13 sible and may function asa unit independently of the remaining sin'iilar devices, particularly insuch respects as speed of rotation, rate of pumping, and removabilityfor repair or replacement. 20 A still further object is to construct gasscrubbing. cleaning and cooling apparatus including new parts and newand improved arrangements and combinations of parts by which new andimproved advantages and re- :5 sults are obtained.

Prior to my invention a common method of scrubbing, cleaning and coolinggases, such as blast furnace gas and similar gaseous substances,included passing the gas to be cleaned and cooled through a scrubberwhere liquid spray in certain stages removed the solids and foreignmaterials from and initially cooled the gases, and then in other stagesremoved some remaining foreign materials and finall cooled the gases. Alarge part of the liqui used for final cooling and cleaning wasdiscarded into the stream or other water source as it did not contain anobjactionable"- the liquid which was used to remove the sol- 1925.Serial No. 40,748.

tion or was freed from all but a small amount, say about ten grains ofsolids or less per gallon of liquid, as required by law and was thenreturned to the stream. Large quantities-0f water were thus passedthrough the scrubber and thickening apparatus and then discarded, toclean which water to the re uired degree apparatus or settling tanks ofcorrespondingly large size, or several devices of smaller sizes wasrequired.

v In contrast therewith, instead of discarding a large part of theliquid used for final cooling of the gases, I circulate such liquidthrough a cooler where it is deprived of the heat it obtained from thegases, and return the cooled liquid to the scrubber. Furthermore,instead of discarding to the water courses large quantities of liquidfrom which substantially all foreign material taken from g the gases hasbeen separated, I circulate the liquid carrying the foreign materialsthrough thickening apparatus where the b lk of the solids is removed butleaving substantial amounts of solids, say from 100 to 200 grains pergallon or more. This liquid is returned to the scrubber where it uniteswith liquid therein and again acts to remove solids from gases. By myinvention, therefore, I amenabled to remove the solid materials fromandcool the same amount of gas substantially as heretofore but with avery much smaller amount of water and with all the practical advantagesincident to this decreased amount. Various apparatus for scrubbing,cleaning and cooling gases of the rior art have included a long, maindrive s aft which carried a plurality of spray devices and actuated thelatter all at the same P when any chanical difiiculties arose with anyof the spray devices, the main shaft, or its bearings, the entireapparatus was affected. On the contrary my apparatus is so constructedthat each s my device constitutes a unit which is in ependently suported and may be actuated at various s e s, or caused to pump variousamounts 0 water, or to chan e the nature of the spray produced, is readiy accessible for repairs, easily removable for replacementby a new unitand all without afiecting the remainder of the apparatus.

constructed of sheet metal side walls 2 and is i upon each other.

will flow into the pan.

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification:

Fig. 1 is a view, partly in section, of apparatus embodying myinvention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary detail View, partly in centralvertical section of the apparatus of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2 with the sprayforming device removed;

Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional views taken respectively on lines 44 and 5-5of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 1s a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a modified form of spraydevice and overflow connections;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figs. 2 and 6 but showing anothermodification; and

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view, partly in section, showing modifiedmeans for driving the spray devices.

Referring to the figures, I have shown apparatus for scrubbing, cleaningand cooling gases which includes a tower 1, preferably circular in crosssection and of considerable height, the dimensions of the tower being,of course, dependent upon the amount of gasto be treated. The tower mayconveniently be provided with channels 3 which extend across the tower,at intervals, and are carried by the outer walls 2 of the tower. nelswill presently be described in more detail. Within the tower I provide aplurality of gas-treating compartments 4 spaced vertically apart fromeach other, or superimposed Each compartment 4 is provided with a bottomwall 5 which extends acrossthe tower, from side to side, but is spacedapart from certain portions of the walls of the tower to providepassages 6 through which gas may pass. Each cross wall includes acentrally disposed pan 7 adapted to retain liquid, and from the edges ofwhich the remaining parts 8 of the cross wall slope upwardly towards theside walls of the tower so that water falling thereon Preferably, thispan is non-circular and may assume the shape of a diamond, or otherfigure which is not substantially circular, as desired. A circular,conically shaped ring 9 is supported from the side walls of the tower ineach gas treating compartment above the bottomwall 5 of the compartmentand extends inwardly from the walls of the tower a distance sufficientto discharge water falling thereon onto the bottom' wall of thecompartment. This ring also acts as a baffle to gases passing upwardly,by way of passages 6, through the tower 1 and deflects the gasesinwardly in each compartment where they may besuitably treated? Means isprovided within each compartment for forming spray from liquid in thepan in a manner to act upon gases passing through the compartment andremove foreign These -chanmaterials and heat therefrom. Such means,

tain places to provide passages 14 for gas to fiow from one compartment4 to the next higher compartment. In the top wall of each compartment 4is provided a centrally disposed opening 15 through which the pump maybe removed. The cover 16 for this opening may conveniently carry theantifriction bearings 12 which support the pump and may suspend the pumpin its compartment.

Between the top wall 13 of one gas-treating compartment 4 and the bottomwall 5 of the next higher compartment, I provide work passages 17 whichpreferably extend through the tower and are open at either or both ends,as may be desired. As shown in Fig. 1 these work passages are arrangedeach at right angles to the adjacent passages, but as shown in Fig. 8these passages may be parallel to each other in a vertical plane. Eachpassage 17 is formed by the top wall 13 of one gas treating compartment,the bottom wall 5 of the next hi her compartment and by side walls 18which extend across the tower from one side wall to or toward the other,and are secured to the top and bottom walls of the passage. Gas withinthe tower thus cannot escape into the work passages 17 except when thecover 16 of the opening 15 is removed.

The channel members 3, previously referred to, serve not only to supportthe bottom wall 5 of each gas-treating compartment, but also serve astracks for a suitable crane 19 or similar device by means of which thepump and its associated parts may be removed from its compartment. Asshown in Fig. 1 I have provided in each work passage a motor 20 which isconnected bv suitable couplings 21, gearing 22 keys and keyways or thelike to the pump of the compartment therebeneath. By such an arrangementI am able to regulate and vary the speed of each pump as desired toobtain the best results, since I have found that the speeds of pumps inthe compartments which remove foreign material and solids from the gasesmay advantageously be different from the speeds of pumps in compartmentswhere only final cooling of the gases takes place. Furthermore, withdriving means independent of the other pumps or spray forming devices,any given pump or device may be repaired and adjusted without stoppingthe other pumps and may be removed and replaced without intervtially thesame results is shown in Fig. 8

where a main drive shaft 23 is mounted outside of the tower and providedopposite each of the work passages 17 with a suitable shaft- 24 andpulleys 25 which are connected by belts 26 or other suitable means tosuitable shafts 27 and gearing so that each pump may he drivenby thecommon shaft and so that the speed of each pump mayibe variedindependently of the other pumps and the rotation of any pump may bediscontinued without affecting the other pumps or the opera- It will beevident from the foregoing description that I have provided bearings forsupporting'each pump and also have provided means for rotating the pump.In Fig. 2 the bearing means for supporting pump 10 includes the shaft11, cover 16 and bearing 12 which serve to prevent longitudinal ortransverse movement of the pump. The means for rotating the pumpincludes the keys and keyways, or the like,

of Fig. 2 orFig. 8 with one or more power devices, such as motor 20 orshaft 23, or their equivalents.

Means is provided for withdrawing liquid from each gas-treatingcompartment. Since these means for each of the upper compartments areall substantially alike, only one will be described. This meanscomprises an elongated casting 28 having an outlet opening 29 disposedcentrally beneath the pump and preferably withinthe inner cone 10thereof. -A ring 30 movably and adjustahiy mounted within this opening29 serves as a weir or valve and controls the flow of liquid through theoutlet opening. It is actuated by a hand wheel 30 and screw 30", thelatter being disposed in the work passage 17 therebeneath and outsidethe casing. At either end of the casting 28 gas vents 31 are provided onsubstantially the same level asthe top edge of the bottom wall 5 of thecompartment 4, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Liquid flowing into thecasting through the central opening 29 is discharged through suitableoutlet openings 32 at either end of the casting and conducted to thecompartment next below. In Fig. 6 liquid passing through these outletopenings 32 flows through pipes 33 which lead into the work passage 17therebeneath and empty into a shallow saucer 34 formed on the top of theinner cone 10 of each pump. An alternative arrangement is shown in theother figures where the liquid discharged from the casting is permittedto flow down the side walls 18 of the work passage 17 and is thendeflected bythe ring 9 into the pan therebeneath. The means forwithdrawing liquid from the bottom compartment differs somewhat from themeans employed for that pu-rthe drawings and pose in the uppercompartments. Preferably it consists of a clean-out pipe 37 having acontrol valve 37* and an emptying valve 37 and may lead to thickeningapparatus or settling tank 38. Preferably it also includes an overflowpipe 39 which leads to device 38;

In Fig. 7 I have shown means for contining within relatively narrowlimits the-rotation of liquid in the pan 7, which is caused by rotationof the cone pump. This means consists of an annular member or ring 35carried by the casting and suspended with its top edge substantiallyflush withliquid in the pan, when the liquid is at rest. This ring 35 isnarrow so that it does not extend to the bottom of the pan and ispreferably only slightly greater, in diameter than the outside cone-10.so that when assembled with the pump it will lie close to the-outside'ofthe pump and thereby limit rotation of the liquid in the pan to a smallarea. As shown in this figure,'tl1e surface of the liquid in the pantends to assume a parabolic configuration, as

indicated at 36, when the pump is rot-ated.

With the ring 35 positioned as described, the liquid within the ringwill flow over the top of the ring, the existence and extent of suchoverflow being determined by the adjustable weir 29. p v

The top group of compartments is.i.ndi' cated by the bracket a on Fig. 1and consists of four stages, while the bottom group is indicated bybracket 6 in thesame figure and consists of two stages. It will beunderstood that more stages may be employed, if desired, and more orless compartments in each oup may also be used. The top group is reerred to herein as the gas-cooling group in which gases passingthenethrough are given their final cooling and some slight cleaning,while the bottom group of stages is referred to as the gas-scrubbinggroup in which pract-i-- cally all of the foreign materials includingilo means or pipe 43 to an upper stage or compartment. v

In Fig. 1. I have also shown means'i'ncluding pi )es' 37 and 39, oreither of them, and

I have also shown means lncluding pipef14 and valve45 for divertingtothe coole some or all of the water flowing from pain 47 in pipe 46."

In operating the apparatus described, gas at a temperature of perhaps400 F. and carrying foreign materials including solids is led into thebottom of the tower l, as at 48, and then passes upwardly through theseveral gas treating compartments 4 where it is first initially cooledand deprived of a major part of its heat and all but small amounts ofits foreign materials and solids and later is finally cooled and morecompletely cleaned until it issues from the top of the tower at atemperature of from F. to F. and with a relatively small content offoreign materials and solids. As the gas enters and passes through thebottom group of compartments, the pumps in these compartments arerotated and convert liquid in the pans into spray which serves to removeforeign materials and solids from the gases and carry them to the liquidin the pan. The liquid is continuously recirculated in this manner andsoon after starting contains a relatively large amount of accumulatedforeign material. This liquid is withdrawn from the bottom compartment,-

preferably continuously, and passed through a settling tank or suitablethickening apparatus 38 where the liquid is separated from most of, butnot all, its foreign materials and then returned to the top compartmentof the bottom or gas-scrubbing group of compartments or alternatively,part of or all of the water may be passed through the cooler 42. andthen returned to the compartments by way of pipe 43. As much as 100 to200 grains of solids per gallon of liquid ma remain in the liquid, whichis thus returne to the gas- .scrubbing group of stages.

In the top or gas-cooling group of stages liquid is similarly convertedinto spray form and continuously recirculated by the pumps therein andthe gases are deprived of practically all of their remaining content offoreign materials and cooled through the last few degrees and to about70 F. or 80. F. The

liquid from the bottom compartment of the top or gas-cooling grou ofcompartments is circulated through cooling tower 42 where it is cooledand then returned to the top compartment of the group, together withsuifii cient fresh liquid to make up for the liquid evaporated by thehot gases and lost in other ways; In this manner the amount of liquid inthe top group of compartments is maintained substantially constant.Liquid is withdrawn from the bottom stage of the top group and conductedto the top stage of the bottom group to maintain the amount of liquid inthe gas-scrubbing group of com partments substantiall I constant. Byreason I 1 of the addition of fres liquid, which preferably is madecontinuously, the liquid is constantly renewed -in all the stages andthe content of solid materials in the liquid thus is easily maintainedbelow suitable maximum am cunts.-

are separated from the gases by the liquid.

Thus the liquid in the bottom group of compartments contains at alltimes an approximately uniform amount of solids.

It will be understood that although I return liquid having a substantialcontent of solid material to the gas-cleaning group of compartments, itstill retains its gas-cleaning capacity since this does not depend uponthe amount of solids in the liquid but rather de-- pends upon thetemperature of the liquid. It appears that warmer liquids remove solidsfrom gases more completely and in turn 've up the solids more quicklythan colder liquids.

Although I employ comparatively small amounts of fresh liquid and returnmuch heated liquid to the tower as contrasted with various prior artprocesses where the liquid is discarded after being withdrawn from thetower, I am able to cool the gases to substantially the same temperatureas has been com mon practice heretofore. Although the gases entering thebottom group of compartments may have an average temperature of about400 F. and at times higher, I have found that the temperature of watercirculated as described in the bottom group of compartments will riseonly until a balance is reached, which may be stated asbeing thattemperature at which the number of heat units given oil by the hot gasesentering the tower is equal to the heatiunits absorbed in evaporatingsuficient water to saturate or nearly saturate the gas with water*vapor. With the incoming gas at about 400 F. and with the usual amountof water vapor, this temperature willbe in the neighborhood of about 135F. With the incoming gases at higher temperatures and with an amount ofwater vapor higher than normal, this temperature' will be somewhatelevated but as the capacity for water vapor increases very rapidly atand above this temperature, the temperature of the water will not risevery much above these figures.

The details of structure and description appearing hereinabove have beengiven by way of illustration only and not for the purpose of limitingthe invention thereto. Various changes may be made without departingfrom the spirit of my invention, the scope of which is defined in whatis claimed.

What is claimed is:

1. lhe method of treating gases which comprises recirculatinggas-cooling liquid in spray form in a space occupied by a heated gas,circulating liquid from the said space through means for removingaccumulated heat therefrom and back to the said space, and circulatingliquor fromthe said space through means for removing accumulated foreignmaterial therefrom, and back to the said space, and'adding fresh liquidto maintain the amount thereof substantially constant. 2. The method oftreating gases which comprises recirculating gas-cooling liquid in sprayform in a space occupied by a heated gas, circulating liquid from thesaid space through means for removing accumulated heat therefrom andback to the said space, recirculating gas-cleaning li uid in spray formin another space occupie by a gas carrying foreign material, circulatingliquid from the last said space through means for removing accumulatedforeign material therefrom, and back to the last said space, addingfresh liquid to the gas-cooling liquid to maintain the amount thereofsubstantially constant, 'and withdrawing heated liquid 20, from thegas-cooling space and adding it to the gas-cleaning liquid to maintainthe amount of the latter liquid substantially con stant.

3. Apparatus for treating gases compris- 5 ing means for removing heatfrom gases including means for circulating liquid in spray form incontact with gases to be cooled, means for cooling the said liquidheated by the gases, means for circulating liquid from the figst saidmeans through the second said means and back into the first said means,means for removing foreign material from gases including means forrecirculating liquid in spray 1 form in contact with gases to becleaned, liquid-cleaning means for removing foreign material fromsaidgas-cleaning liquid, means for circulating liquid from thegas-cleaning-means, .through the liquid-' cleaning means and back to thesaid gas-cleaning means and means connecting the gascooling means andgas-cleaning means for conducting liquid from the former means to 'thelatter. 7 Y

4. Apparatus for treating gases which includes a tower having gastreatingcompartments, a liquid spraying and recirculating devicesuspended within each gas compartment, means disposed outside of eachgas compartment for supporting thesaid device, and means to actuate eachdevice independently of the remaining devices.

5. Apparatus for treating gases which'includes a tower having verticallyspaced gastreating compartments and having work passages extendingtransversely of the tower between adjacent gas-treating compartments,

and gas passages disposed within the tower and at the sides of the workpassages 'for interconnecting adjacent compartments for the passage ofgas successively through a plurality of compartments. v

' 6. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having a;plurality, of,

v interconnected gas-treating compartments N spaced vertically apartfrongeach other,

vice within eachcompartment, means in the work passage above each saiddevice forsuspending the same within its compartment, and means foractuating the devices,

' 8, Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of interconnected gas-treating compartments spaced verticallyapart from each other, and'having also a plurality of work passagesextending transversely of the tower between the gas compartments, eachwork passage having an opening through the floor thereof into thegas-compartment therebeneath, a spray'device removable through eachsaid. opening,

means in the work passage for suspending the device within thecompartment therebeneath and means for actuating each device;independently of the other devices.

9. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of interconnected gas-treating compartments spaced verticallyapart from each other, and having-also a plurality of work passagesextendlng transversely of the tower between the gas compartments, eachwork passage having an opening through the floor thereof into thegas-treating compartment therebeneath, a spray device removable througheach said opening, means in the work passage for suspending thedevice-within the compartment therebeneath and means in the workpassages for actuating each device independentlyofthe other-devices.

10. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having a'plurality of interconnected gas-treating compartments spaced verticallapart from each other, and

having also a p urality of work passages extending transversely of thetower between the gas compartments, each work passage having an openingthrough the floor thereof into the gas-treating compartmenttherebeneath, a spray device removable through eachsaid opening, andmeans in the work passages for removing the devices from thecompartments; I

11. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower provided with aplurality of separate gas treating compartments joined together by gaspassages, each compartment including a; nonscircular, liquid retaining;pan,ja cone pump-projecting to below the top i gq.

edge of the said pan and means for controlling the level of liquid inthe said pan, the said means including an elongated, hollow memberhaving an opening in its lower portion disposed to discharge liquidthrough an treating compartments within the tower, each compartmenthaving a liquid retaining pan, a spray forming devicesuspended in eachpan, and'an adjustable weir disposed centrally below the said device forcontrolling the level of liquidin the said pan. 13. Apparatus fortreatin gases which comprises a tower through wfiich gases may pass andprovided with a plurality of separate gas-treating compartments joinedtogether by gas passages, each compartment including a liquid retainingpan, a cone pump projecting to below the top edge of the said pan, andmeans for controlling the level of liquid in the said pan, the saidmeans comprising an elongated hollow member having a central inletopening in its top and outlet openings in-its bottom, communicating withthe space below the pan through openings in the bottom of the pan, theinlet opening being disposed centrally beneath the said pump, andadjustable means disposed within the said inlet opening for varying thelevel of liquid in the said pan. i

14. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower through whichgases may pass and provided with gas-treating compartments, eachcompartment having a liquid retaining pan provided with a central liquidoutlet, a cone pump suspended in'the pan centrally above the saidoutlet, and an annular ring substantially submerged in liquid in the panand surrounding the said pump, the ring being slightly greater indiameter than the pump and of less depth than the depth of the an. a

15. Amethod of treating gases which comprises spraying, collecting andrespraying liquid within a chamber occupied by heated gases containingsolid particles, and simultaneously circulating parts of said liquidthrough means for removing accumulated {solids and accumulated heatunits from the the said liquid to comprises a tower through which gasesmay flow and having a plurality of work passages 7 extendingtransversely of the tower, each work passage having an opening therefrominto the interior of said tower, a spray forming device associated withand removable through the said opening, and means in each ments, workpassages extending transversely of the-tower between adjacent gascompart-. ments, independent liquid spray-forming units supported in thepassages and each extending into an adjacent gas compartment, and meansfor, actuating the devices independently of each other.

18. Apparatus for treating gases which in cludes a'tower having gastreating compartments, work passages extending transversely of the towerbetween adjacent gas compartments, and independent spray-forming unitssupported from the passages, each unit comprising a spray-forming deviceextending into and disposed to spray liquid in a gas compartment, andactuating means for each device disposed in the adjacent work passage.

19. Apparatus for treating gases which includes a tower having gastreating compartments, work passages extending transversely of the towerbetween adjacent gas compartments, and independent, spray-forming unitssupported from the passages, each unit comprising a spray-forming deviceextending into a gas compartment, and means disposed in the workpassages for supporting the devices independently of each other.

20. Apparatus for treating gases which includes a tower having gastreating compartments, work passages extending transversely of the towerbetween adjacent gas compartments, and independent spray-forming unitsin the compartments, each unit being supported in a work passageindependently of each other and actuated independently of each other.

21. The method of treating gases which comprises spray'mg, collectingand respraying liquid within a given chamber in contact with heatedgases previously freed from a part of the foreign'material with whichthey were laden,thereafter withdrawing from the said tact with heatedgasesvladen with foreign materials, then withdrawing the said liquidfrom the chamber and passing it through means to remove accumulatedforeign materials therefrom and back to said chamber, and passing thethus cleaned but still partly heated gases into a second chamber, thenspraying, collecting and respraying coolin llquid in said second chamberin contact witfi said cleaned gases and withdrawing sprayed collectedand resprayed liquid from the said second chamber and passing it throughmeans to remove accumulated heat therefrom and back to said secondchamber. a

V 23. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of vertically arranged interconnected gas treatingcompartments, movable spray forming devices in the compartments, workpassages each extending transversely of the tower be tween adjacentcompartments in-proximity to-the devices therein and having a normallyclosed opening for access to the device in one of the adjacentcompartments, and means for actuating the spray forming devices.

24. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of vertically arranged interconnected gastreatingcompartments, rotary spray forming device in the compartments, bearingmeans operatively associated with and disposed adjacent to each device,work passages each extending transversely of the tower between adjacent5 compartments and in proximity to the device and bearing means in oneof the adjacent compartments, and having a normally closed opening foraccess to the said bearing means,

7 and means for actuating the spray forming devices.

25. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of vertically arranged interconnected gas treatingcompartments, a plurality of rotatable spray forming devices in thecompartments, bearingmeans operatively associated with and disposedadjacent to the said devices, work passages each extending transverselyof the tower between adjacent compartments and in -proximity to thedevices therein and their bearing means, the said work passages havingmeans for permitting'access therefrom to the adjacent spray formingdevices and their bearing means, and means for rotating the saiddevices.

26. Apparatus for treating gases which comprises a tower having aplurality of vertically arranged interconnected g'as treatingcompartments, a plurality of rotatable spray forming pumps in thecompartments, individual bearing means each operatively associated withone of the said pumps and disf posedadjacent thereto, a plurality ofwork passages each extending transversely of the tower between adjacentcompartments and in proximity .to the adjacent pumps and bearing means,means in the work passages for permitting access to the bearing means ofthe pump adjacent thereto, and a power shaft operatively associated withthe pumps to rotate the same.

e a In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my :::ignature this 26th dayof June, 1925.

as'rnus a. stoma.

